Dividend Decision

The capital structure of a company changes the risks exposure highlighting the need to determine the impact of debt levels on financial risk (Pearson Learning, 2014). The dividend payout is the ratio of dividends per share to the earnings per share, and both ratios increased for the three years. The increase in the DPS rose at a decreasing rate resulting in slower growth in the dividend payout. The dividend per share is dependent on the total number of dividends paid out in an interim year, and the increase in the DPS was in line with the management’s efforts to reward the investors as the earnings improved. The dividend yield representing the dividend paid out relative to the share price, and the lower divided yield in December 2014 can be attributed to the higher share price hovering over $40, which was more than double the share price in the previous

The purpose of this case is to have students examine dividend policy--cash dividends, stock splits, and stock dividends--from the viewpoint of its effect on corporate share prices.

Therefore, from the perspective of company shareholders, even though FRL might have to cut back their dividend due to the market conditions , according to MM’s the irrelevance of payout policy theory, company shareholder’s wealth would not be affected by the dividend cut decision.

We studied long term trends in stock earnings and dividends from 1871 to the present. We observed two distinct periods: 1) from 1871 to 1945 where the common dividend policy was to focus on high payout ratios; 2) after 1945 companies started managing the amount of dividends paid per share. In the latter period, companies were slow to increase dividends as earnings increased, effectively reducing the payout ratio and providing them with a cushion to maintain dividends when earnings dropped temporarily. As a result, the payout ratio dropped, hitting a historical low of 30% in 2011. Since then, companies

So, the higher the dividend yields, the better income the shareholders get. When companies pay high dividends to shareholders, it can indicate a variety of things about the company, as the company may be currently undervalued or that it is trying to attract investors. Conversely, if companies pay little or no dividends, it may indicate that the company is overvalued or that the company is trying to develop the capital. The dividend yield of Maxis Berhad’s is only 3.2%, while Axiata Group Berhad has higher dividend yield compared to Maxis Berhad, which is 3.7%. A higher dividend yield may be desirable from an investor’s perspective. But, a higher dividend yield also means that the stock is under

Signaling theory is applied though dividend policy and continue to be widely accepted, but also having inevitably defects. Firstly, changes in the market for dividend not only can be explained using signaling theory, other theories such as the theory of agency costs can also explain. Second, signaling theory cannot effectively explain the difference between the dividend and forecast for different industries and countries. The most importantly, signaling theory does not explain why the company does not use other method in lower cost but same efficiency to transmit information.

Dividend policy theories seek to illustrate the rationale as well as the arguments that have been put forward in relations

The value of a company’s stock may entice an investor to offer money. Without knowing the proper value of stocks, investors are hard-pressed to find the right time to buy or sell shares; and investors may miss opportunities solely on the stock’s market value (Zacks, n.d.). The following sections shall (1) calculate the Company’s SV based on its dividends*; and (2) discuss both those calculations’ effect on shareholder value* and the Company’s dividend policies.

For the reason that Porsche did not increase the number of shares in the last years and the dividend payout did not increase constantly, we concluded that Porsche is not using the stability dividend policy. Nevertheless, since Porsche 's dividend strategy is a rising one, we assumed that they are using a mixture of the residual and the stability policy, namely the hybrid strategy. Admittedly, we have to say that their dividends did not increase depending on the level of net income as the next

In an attempt to determine the value of an investment based on the amount of risk and return it provides, investors often calculate the intrinsic value and compare it to the current market price (Smart et al., 2014). Doing so takes into account the investment’s historical values that are used to estimate the future cash streams as well as the present value needed for comparison (Smart et al., 2014). For example, by applying the dividends-and-earnings approach incorporates both the present value of future dividends and price of stock at date of purchase in an attempt to calculate the value of a share of stock (Smart et al., 2014). Likewise, by employing the price-to-earning (P/E) approach, the investor can incorporate both

Sourav has illustrated in the initial portion of his discussion how it is that the HPR and DDM values of his selected firms will differ, mainly as a result of the different assumptions underlying each formula. Between the HPR model’s generalized distribution assumption, and the DDM’s time-consuming need to forecast each incremental dividend to be paid, investors are faced with a dilemma when determining which model to use when valuing a firm. Valkama et al (2013) then add further complication to the matter when they raise the issue of how special dividends and stock splits can then further impact the raw inputs of these formulae, as they will therefore require special adjustments to properly accommodate the relevance of these situations. With this information in mind, I intend on further developing the relevance of the DDM from the perspective of an investor that is looking to benefit from an acquisition.

Firms that pay consistent dividends have performed respectively well in the market during the course of the last few years; especially in industries that are considered consumer staples. It is likely that much of this trend can be explained by market uncertainty as well as historically low interest rates that have driven down returns on bonds and CDS. This research will analyze the attractiveness of these investments from different angles to provide insights into why investors are flocking to companies that pay consistent dividends.

A dividend is the part of a firm`s earnings that are paid to the shareholder, either in monetary terms or as shares. In the UK, dividends are paid by UK-quoted companies semi-annually and are taxed depending on an individual`s income (Arnold, 2008 & GOV.UK, 2015). According to the Financial Times (2015) however, a dividend payment to shareholders is not an obligation, in fact a business`s board of directors are able to opt whether they desire to make a dividend payment or not, depending mostly on the health of the business. If so, the dividend payment to shareholders is made from a firm`s accumulated profits or reserves pots, with the anticipation that the firm can cover this withdrawal of monetary funds by injecting further cash quickly and efficiently into the firm or shareholders may receive dividends in forms of shares, in this situation, a firm is unlikely to lose much as shareholders would be likely to reinvest into the firm. Conversely, if a firm`s board of directors opt the opposing decision, not to make a dividend payment, this is likely to be due to a firm supporting an insufficient cash-flow or the monetary fund’s being identified as needed urgently for more meaningful purposes, such as reducing debt (The Financial Times, 2015). Despite this, the main question in consideration is: whether a rational investor considers dividends when determining the value of shares? In order to answer this question effectively, this essay shall commence further through exploring

The link between dividends and firm’s value and share price has been the subject of study for a few decades. However, the influence of dividends on the value firms’ value and price remains unresolved. Some studies pointed out that stock prices remain unaffected by the announcement of dividends (Sharma, 2011; Pan et al., 2014), while others reported otherwise, whether positively (Liu and Chi, 2014; Perepeczo, 2014) or negatively (Abbas, 2015; Mamun, 2013). Information signaling theory, the free cash flow hypothesis, and the dividend clientele effect hypothesis are the three major theories that explains the influence of dividend announcements upon share prices (Kadıoğlu et al., 2015; Nour, 2003).

There are many theoretical and empirical results describing the decisions companies make in this area. At the same time, however, there is no generally accepted model describing payout policy. Moreover, empirical findings are often contradictory or difficult to interpret in light of the theory. In their seminal paper, Miller and Modigliani (1961) showed that under certain assumptions dividends are irrelevant; all that matters is the firm’s investment opportunities. Miller and Modigliani considered the case of perfect capital markets (no transaction costs or tax differentials, no pricing power for any of the participants, no information asymmetries or costs), rational behaviour (more wealth being preferred to less, indifference between cash payments and share value increases) and perfect certainty (future investments and profits are given). In real life, however, people seem to care about dividends. Lintner.s (1956) classical study on dividend policy suggests that dividends represent the primary and active decision variable in most situations. Lintner suggests a model of partial adjustment to a given payout rate.