Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes Essay

Low blood sugar also known as hypoglycemia quickly manifests in individuals who use insulin. Common symptoms come about when the blood sugar levels fall below 70 mg/dL. Symptoms include headache, hunger, nervousness, rapid heartbeat, shaking, sweating, and weakness. (Eckman 2011).

DKA is presented with three major physiological disturbances which are hyperosmolality due to hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis because of the buildup of ketoacids, and hypovalemia from osmotic diuresis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin, its most likely occur in people with type 1 diabetes, inadequate insulin dosage, poor self management, undiagnosed type 1 diabetes, illnesses and infections. In type 1

Diabetes is a disease that can lead to heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, or blindness (Turkoski, 2006). It not only costs many individuals their lives, but it also causes untold emotional and physical problems for people with diabetes and their families. In addition, the cost of care associated with diabetes and the associated complications exceeds $132 billion annually.

With uncontrolled diabetes, glucose cannot move from the bloodstream into the muscles or fat cells. Leading inevitable to hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is a blood glucose level higher than the normal blood glucose level. Diabetes also leads to starvation of the cells in an increase and the breakdown of fat in protein as the cell seeks a source of fuel.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is considered to be one of the most life threatening complications for Type 1 diabetics. Along with it being the most common cause of death in Type 1 diabetics under the age of 40 (Mills & Stamper, 2014). Diabetic ketoacidosis, also known as DKA, is when there are consistently high levels of glucose in the blood and not enough insulin to allow the body to function properly. The body then begins to breakdown body tissue in order to create energy in lieu of glucose. Acidic ketones begin to build up in the body and become toxic (Mills & Stamper, 2014). The amount of patients that are admitted to the hospital for a DKA episode are staggering, approximately 8,400 people were admitted from the span of April 2010 to March 2011.

The kidneys respond to the high levels of glucose in the blood stream by flushing out the extra glucose in the urine. Another symptom of type 1 diabetes is polydipsia. This happens when you urinate so often that you lose too much water and become dehydrated. In addition, those who develop type 1 diabetes may also have polyphagia, an increase in appetite. Often they lose weight or fail to gain weight as he or she grows, in spite of having a good appetite. This happens due to the body breaking down the muscle and stored fat in the attempt to provide fuel to the hungry cells. Those with type 1 diabetes can often feel tired, because the body isn't using the calories they are eating, and turning it into the energy it needs. Finally, blurry vision can occur when sugar builds up in the eye this changes the shape of the lens and blurs your

Diabetes is a disease that happens when your body’s pancreas does not produce enough insulin or respond to the insulin produced, which in turn boost the blood sugar levels over time. Although there are several types of diabetes, the most common are the type 1 and type 2 diabetes. They both affect sugar levels, and if not treated in a timely fashion, can cause many health issues in the long run. Hyperglycemia is the result of too much insulin, strenuous physical activity, insufficient food consumption or illness that causes blood sugar levels to drop. When hypoglycemia takes effect, one can feel weakness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, anxiety, hunger and trembling. It’s an elevation in blood glucose that damages blood vessels, nerves and tissues.

The state of which there is not enough sugar in the blood is called hypoglycemia. The state where there is too much sugar in the blood is called hyperglycemia. Both of these states of low and high sugar in the blood should be monitored in people that have the disease of diabetes. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are; blurred vision, headache, cold clammy skin, sweating and irritability. The symptoms of hyperglycemia are; hot dry skin, kussmaul’s respirations, vomiting, polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia. Hypoglycemia in the person with the disease of diabetes is caused by not enough sugar in the blood, or too much insulin in the blood. Hyperglycemia in the person with the disease of diabetes is caused by too much sugar in the blood stream (Stanbridge College, Diabetes Powerpoint pg. 8).

The symptoms of diabetes is commonly hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar). “Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision.” (American

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main

Dehydration is induced by polyuria when the subject’s blood sugar is above 230mg/dL (hypoglycemic). The body’s loss of energy weakens the immune system and can cause easy limb loss if the skin is broken near the feat. Neuropathy (damage to the nerves) is due to the higher levels of sugar in the capillaries that feed the nerve endings. The sugar sticks to the sides of the capillaries and restricts the blood flow. The nerves in the eyes can also be damaged from the same process, leading to possible blindness. Polyuria can also damage the kidneys the same way alcohol can damage them. When the blood stream contains too much sugar or alcohol, the kidneys filter the excess out. When the kidneys are overused, the kidneys can shut down. The body needs glucose to function, and when the blood sugar drops below 20mg/dL, the brain makes the body go into a seizure. These seizures can be very dangerous and harmful to the body, leading to memory loss or personality changes; however, the body releases glucagon during the seizure causing the blood sugar to jump back to a tolerable

Diabetes is caused by reduced production of insulin, or by decreased ability to use insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells in the pancreas which allows the blood sugar cells to be able to use blood sugar. It is necessary for glucose to go from the blood to the inside of the body cells. Because of the poor insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream. The body is unable to use glucose for energy. When you are diagnosed with diabetes the doctor should try to stabilize the metabolism and eliminate the symptoms of high blood glucose because of the rapid onset of symptoms. The effects of diabetes are thirst, urination, vomiting, fatigue, and hunger which are the most common symptoms for. The extra sugar remains in the blood and

Diabetes mellitus, or better known as Diabetes, is an endocrine system disorder. In this case, your body is unable to produce enough or any insulin at all. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, has a very important role. When sugar is ingested from food, it is turned into energy for the cells in our body. Without insulin, the transfer of sugar into the cells would be compromised. Insulin is also vital to keep the right balance of sugar in the bloodstream (Hess-Fischl, 2015). If too much insulin is produced, blood sugar levels are decreased resulting in hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs when the blood sugar levels are increased (Sargis, n.d.).

classic symptoms of hyperglycemia can be made with a single random plasma glucose result of

The most common symptoms of diabetes mellitus are chronic elevated blood glucose level. Glycosuria is a condition in which the kidneys excrete increased glucose as they are unable to reabsorb the excess amount. This leads to fluid and electrolyte excretion which leads to electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. Loss of glucose leads to increase in the use of fats and protein for the energy, which leads to accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood which leads to ketoacidosis (could be fatal).