Lab 5: The Integumentary System

• *Describe the 3 main types of cells and the 3 main types of fibers found in connective tissue? Reference Table 5.6.

up of dead cells that turned into keratin. The hair shaft formed of three layers which are the

The nail has to grow out, and you treat the nail as a new nail is growing. Once the new nail has grown, it still doesn't mean you are in the clear, continue to treat the nail to prevent the fungus coming back.

The condition of fingernails is often overlooked and, for some people, not something to be proud of. Nails are often dirty, chipped, uneven, or hidden under a fake nail. A lot can be learned about a person’s health just by looking at their nails. An important breakthrough of this discovery is the ability to determine whether a person has human immunodeficiency virus, or as it is better known, HIV. How can a serious disease be discovered by looking at a nail? It all lies on the lunula. The lunula is the white part of the fingernail or toenail. People who have been diagnosed with HIV have one thing in common: they have a disappearing lunula. The absence of the lunula is referred to as anolunula. There have been two studies done in the past 20 years that try to confirm whether examining

The thyroid gland is in the middle of the neck and lays over the trachea. It is a very vascular endocrine gland responsible for secreting hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) (Jarvis, 2015). These hormones stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism (Jarvis, 2015). This gland has two lobes. Both lay posteriorly between the sternomastoid muscle and the trachea (Jarvis, 2015).

For hair to grow, there needs to be a hair follicle for the hair to develop out of. The germinating layer of the epidermis (skin) starts to grow down into the dermis and this creates the outside layer of the hair follicle. The dermis then grows and rises into the base if the follicle so that the capillaries can enter the papilla and nourish the hair shaft. The bottom of the hair follicle then enlarges to create the hair bulb. The base of the hair bulb then merges out into the outer root sheath which make the inner walls of the hair follicle, the outer sheath then makes the hair root which then surrounds the dermal papilla.. The outer root sheath then grow is inner root sheath, this is the white bit at end of the hair. The hair root, also known as the

The white spots which usually occur on the nails are called leukonychia and they are caused by small injuries of the nails’ base.

I didn't want to just block my skin pores from releasing sweat and whilst I was finding out how to stop armpit sweating I wanted to get to the root of the problem. I didn't want to have to live with it anymore and I wanted to be like anyone else, so I searched for natural methods that are easy to perform and address the root causes.

The nail matrix is the tissue which the nail protects. The lunula is the visible part of the nail; the white crest shape. The nail bed is the skin beneath the nail plate. The nail sinus is where the nail root is inserted. The nail root is the base of the nail underneath the skin. The nail plate is the actual nail. The nail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the fingertip, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries.

The data were obtained from the study population in a personal interview after a written consent was signed. Full history was taken. General, dermatological and standardized nails examinations were performed. Laboratory investigations were taken from the patients records. Mycological examination

Nail fungus are very persistent and difficult to treat. The infection usually begins as a white or yellow spot under the tip of the nail. As the fungus spread deeper into the nail, it may cause thickening, discoloration and cracking nail - aesthetically unappealing and potentially painful problem.

Repeated nail trauma can cause distal onycholysis, which can lead to colonization by microorganisms that produce pigmentation of the area. [1]

Have you ever found yourself in a social situation feeling uncomfortable or ashamed of your appearance? Many people experience this feeling daily due to excessive perspiration. They catch themselves applying deodorant several times a day, wiping their hands before a handshake, and even considering Botox. Excessive sweating, also known as hyperhidrosis, effects people of all sizes, ethnicities, and genders. Not only do these people suffer from extreme sweat, but also of embarrassment, which can lead to some form of social anxiety.

Hairs are flexible strands produced by hair follicles and consist largely of, dead, kerantinized cells.

The tactile cells are touch receptors while the dendritic cells are the immune system. (Amirlak) Then in the deepest layer, stratum basale, consists mainly stems cells constantly undergoing mitosis, causing layer after layer of new keratinocytes to be shoved towards the surface. Also in this layer, melanocytes can be found synthesizing melanin, which gives you your skin color. (Saladin) Lastly, the curvy boundary between the dermis and epidermis, is called the dermal papillae. These ridges actually create the projected fingerprint on the hand. (Amirlak) The dermis is composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue, specifically collagenous fibers.(Amirlak) The dermis also contains other accessory structures including, the hair follicles and hair, various glands, and the nails. The hair follicles, and hair consist of a bulb, root and shaft. The bulb or indention around the base of the follicle, has many stem cells going through mitosis. This is also the only area of the hair, with living cells. (Saladin) The root is the remaining hair below the skin’s surface finally the shaft is the leftover hair above the surface. Another accessory, the glands, assort by sudoriferous, sebaceous, ceruminous, and mammary. (Accessory) Sudoriferous glands, or better know as scent glands, are categorized by either apocrine or merocrine. Apocrine are scent glands located in areola, axilla, groin, anal region, and adult male bread areas.