Abstract—This paper presents a new approach towards the development of a spirometer-on-chip device for point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. The proposed device consists of a cantilever based airflow sensor fabricated through a Multi-User MEMS process (MUMPS). The deflection of each cantilever beam is measured using capacitive electrodes integrated on a single semiconductor chip. These electrodes are connected to an off-chip custom-made readout interface circuit for the measurement of minute capacitive changes and for the acquisition of data into a computer. Herein, we discuss and demonstrate the characterization results of such a system using a low complexity air-based technique. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability of these devices …show more content…
Fundamentally, this ushers the opportunity to realize a single chip capable of replacing an entire diagnostic system present in contemporary clinical laboratories or hospitals. Among various clinical applications, the focus of this paper is placed on the development of a novel spirometer for lung disease sensing purposes. Lung diseases such as Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary (COP) disease affect the airways and cause inabilities to exhale normally. A spirometer is the most reliable tool for lung disease and with 100 million sufferers approximated worldwide [9] has the potential to improve care for significant numbers. Commercially available spirometers for measuring complicated lung functions are bulky, expensive and not suitable for PoC lung disease monitoring. Also the available spirometers in the market require disposable parts. Indeed the development of a mobile free-breathing easy-to-use spirometer for frequent (e.g. daily) measurement of lung status is the key challenge to diagnosis and control of the disease in its early stages. To date many papers have reported the design and implementation of micro-sensors for airflow or air-velocity measurement using micromachining techniques [10-11]. Among these, Chen et al. reported the design and implementation of an array of hot-wires
The incentive spirometer is a medical plastic device that allows you when taking deep breath and exhaling, it expands your lungs. It consists of a mouthpiece, a flexible tubing, a piston, a breathing coach indicator, a yellow indicator and a barrel. It uses to assist patient after surgery or any person who want to improve their lungs function especially patient or any person who is restricted to be in bed for many days. It fortifies and exercises lungs and keeps them pure and dynamic. It helps with lung expansion after taking steady deep
Patients had to measure their IC by using an incentive spirometer to measure static lung values. They performed this test for 20 minutes after inhaling 400 mg of salbutamol via a nebulizer. The patients were asked to use the FVC spirometer and told to take a deep breath and then to let the breath out passively. They were then asked to do the same maneuver 2 more times, but the closeness made the study choose the first attempt.
The spirometer used within this service is the Micro Lab Spirometer; we use a 3Litre syringe to calibrate the device prior to each clinic or start of the working day.
An incentive spirometer is a device that our patients use to improve the function of their lungs. This main underlying principle is that breathing can be exercised to train the expansion of lungs capacity (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2013). Patients who qualify for this intervention include those who have recently had a surgery, were under anesthesia, or have been placed on bed rest. Our main concern here is that these situations create opportunity for less activity within the lungs, which can put the patient at risk for pneumonia.
Helps reduce stasis of secretions in the lungs and the bronchial tree. When stasis occurs, pathogens can cause upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. The incentive spirometer aids to prevent atelectasis of the alveoli.
3.) Draw a spirogram that depicts a person’s volumes and capacities before and during a significant cough.
Serious respiratory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, are a leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Asthma, a chronic disease that involves inflammation of the airways, bronchoconstriction, and intermittent (usually reversible) airflow obstruction, also affects numerous individuals worldwide. Both COPD and asthma are common obstructive lung disorders that affect over 49 million people in the US (1). While the pathology of asthma and COPD are distinct, both diseases share some features. Asthma is often a childhood disease, but some patients manifest symptoms or develop the disease as adults.
- Assess the frequency and depth of breathing. Tachypnea and shallow breathing often occurs because of the movement of the chest wall and the lung fluid.
Interestingly, lung function tests performed today, although revealing normal baseline spirometry, do indicate significant bronchodilator response whilst gas transfer has improved compared to the test in April.
When conducting the experiment two factors that could have affected my spirogram results are consciousness and visual perception. Our conscious can control our regular lung volumes and capacities by increasing or decreasing. This is because the mind is calculating the amount of inspiration and expiration. However, our breathing should be automatic and normal. Our visual perception when measuring the diameter of the balloon could also be inaccurate. This is because an inflated balloon is spherical shaped and does not directly lean against the ruler. Thus, our group had to go through many trials to get reasonable measurements.
An incentive spirometer is a tool that measures how well you are filling your lungs with each breath. This tool can help keep your lungs clear and active. Taking long, deep breaths may help reverse or decrease the chance of developing breathing (pulmonary) problems, especially infection, following:
The Lung Pulmonary Function Test measures the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled with each breath, it also measures the amount of oxygen that blood receives from the lungs. A Chest X-Ray tests the lungs for emphysema, which can be further diagnosed as COPD. A CT Scan can also be used in order to detect emphysema and determine if you’re eligible for surgery. This scan can also show different types of lung cancer that may have developed. The Arterial Blood Gas Analysis is another form of testing that can be used to diagnosis this disease. This test measures how well your lungs bring in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. In order to check for an Alpha-1 deficiency, a Laboratory Test can be performed. Although there are many forms of diagnosing this disease, there is no actual cure. However, there are many ways to reduce the symptoms which include medicines that can help with specific symptoms, an increase of physical activity, prevention of flare-ups, quitting smoking and inhalation of other harmful substances, and pulmonary
The artificial lung is on a road to becoming the greatest thing in medical history. Over 200 million people suffer from respiratory diseases, 350,000 people a year die from lung disease and 150,000 more people require medical care for this disease. Individuals that suffer with respiratory diseases often need a caretaker to look after them if they cannot do basic things like use the restroom without gasping for air to breath or drive to the store by themselves. The artificial lung allows people to breath normally just like the lungs humans genetically possess. Also, this technology allows people to do everyday things that they could not do before. The artificial lung is not a pertinent solution but, this gives people the opportunity and gift of more time to live as they wait for a donor lungs become available. This will positively impact society as it dramatically reduces the lung disease death rate and saves countless lives.
Obtaining a sputum (thick fluid produced in the lungs) specimen (a sample) can be very important when it comes to identifying what’s going on inside of the body, especially in the lungs. For example, some respiratory (system that helps you breathe) infections (invasion of the body by bacteria) are caused by pathogens (anything that causes disease) who are not able to grow on their own, and can only be recognizable within the sputum resting at the bottom of the lungs. Therefore, these specimens are a good detector for distinguishing bacteria (type of pathogen), which cause disease (an abnormal condition). When a sputum specimen is collected, the health care professional should be very careful and make sure that they are attaining it from the
Asthma patients feel difficult to breathe. Nebulizer Machine is an enhancing device which helps the Asthma patients breathe easily. The machine effectively sends the medicine to the lungs better than the inhalers when the patients require a higher level of oxygen.