Craig Anderson in Property: A Guide to Scots Law stated:
“Any dealing with the whole of the property requires the involvement of all the co-owners. We have seen that there is a general principle that it is impossible to give a greater right than you have yourself … nemo dat quod non habet” .
This is the issue at point in the present case. In the present case John and Amanda are co-owners of a house and due to recent separation, Amanda wants to compel John to let her buy out his shares. However, John is in opposition to this as he would rather have the house sold on an open market and the proceeds divided. To yield a potentially higher price. To determine the possible outcome of this situation, the legal issues need to be discussed. To make
…show more content…
Amanda offered John market value for his share which she did not have to do. According to Bankton, Amanda could have stated any price. The market value of a property has only become more substantial in later modern cases. As Craig Anderson states: “In the modern cases, by contrast, what has typically been asked is simply for the defender to be compelled to sell up to the pursuer at a market valuation.” An example of a modern case which has similar circumstances to the present case of Amanda and John is the case of Gray v Kerner. In Gray v Kerner ‘a house was co-owned by the parties and after the breakdown of their relationship the pursuer sought to buy out the defenders shares and for his share of mortgage payments. The defender, however, wanted divison and sale of the property. The sheriff sided with the pursuer as her family life should not be disrupted by biding on the house in an open market and no inconvenience was caused to the defender.’ This is a significant case as the facts of the case are similar to that of Amanda …show more content…
The first is division, as Grant Knight and Vicky Lewis state in their article; Is division and sale a useful remedy: “First, there is the issue of whether the property can be divided and if it cannot then it requires to be sold.” With the present case of Amanda and John the house could not be divided equally between the two parties and would therefore require the house to be sold. Division and sale is therefore, the only logically remedy that the courts could impose. Division and sale is the selling of the house with which the: “proceeds thereafter should be in proportions which are just and equitable.” Dividing the proceeds equally, prevents the general principle of nemo dat quod non habet being an issue. Division and sale is an absolute right and under common law for an unmarried couple there is no defence to this. A case which highlights the courts effectively implementing the remedy of divison and sale is the case of Berry v Berry. In this case the husband wanted to buy out the wife’s shares. However, the outer house refused to allow him to buy out her shares as It was seen in both the party’s best interests to have a sale on the open market which would raise a higher price. Although, in this case Berry and Berry are a married couple and have the be benefit to implement the Matrimonial Homes (Family Protection) (Scotland) Act 1981 it still shows the
Introduction Society tends to view conflicts as incidents that have a negative impact on people and therefore tries to decrease how often they occur. In Conflicts as Property, Nils Christie questions this societal tendency by stating many ways in which conflicts are beneficial as a whole. He argues the importance of people taking ownership for their conflicts and being able to control them without third party interference. Summary In Conflicts as Property, Nils Christie’s main point is that victims should be the owner of their conflict and that in today’s society; third parties hold most of the power regarding conflicts.
"Property being an inviolable and sacred right, no one may be deprived of it except when public necessity..."
The property rights of women during most of the nineteenth century were dependent upon their marital status. Once women married, their property rights were governed by English common law, which required that the property women took into a marriage, or acquired subsequently, be legally absorbed by their husbands. Furthermore, married women could not make wills or dispose of any property without their husbands' consent. Marital separation, whether initiated by the husband or wife, usually left the women economically destitute, as the law offered them no rights to marital property. Once married, the only legal avenue through which women could reclaim property was widowhood.
3) the husband did not own the residence individually or as a tenant in common with his wife, in which case there may have been a legitimate reason to transfer the property to tenancy by the entirety other than to avoid a judgment debt.
In the mid-1700’s, not many people were granted the rights that they deserved. Of these rights, only few could vote and few could be educated. It was typical that white men were allowed to vote and were given the opportunity to become educated. This angered those who lacked these rights, which resulted in uproars within the nation. In an essay from a Maryland newspaper, a discussion of the injustice between owning land and having the right to vote is debated. Benjamin Rush wrote thoughts about giving women the chance at education. Living in the New World meant having rights as citizens and expressing instances of disagreement.
The organisation, Gerard Cassegrain & Co Pty Ltd, claimed a dairy farm in New South Wales. The Husband, in his ability as executive of the organisation, exchanged title of the land to both himself and his wife as joint occupants in like manner. The spouse later moved his enthusiasm for the property to his wife for $1. An Application was brought by the organisation against the spouse and wife in the New South Wales Supreme Court looking for that the property be exchanged back to the organisation because of fraudulent activities of the spouse. The trial judge requested that the spouse pay remuneration to the organisation, however dismissed the procedures against the wife as she herself was not a knowing party to the fraud.
“Ruling” Scotland, so to speak would not be any easy task. The issues that Scotland, and the rest of the world, face on a regular basis is perhaps at one of its highest points of the past few decades. It is crucial that world leaders help those who are in desperate need of help, by not turning a blind eye to the struggles that people throughout the world, and in Scotland, endure daily.
The question before the court was the stage of the purchase where the offer was accepted. The court also inquired into whether a
According Jack Donnelly, group rights does not fix many chronicled injustices in our history and protect the interests of members of specific groups. He gives seven reasons why “claims of group human rights does not have a way of fix the injustice. He shows in his first reason that how we distinguish groups that can have human rights. He explains through out history it shows that unless you are western white male not all rights are give or applied to them. The second reason is when a specific group has human rights and what particular rights they have. Donnelly explains on how we can say that one’s group do or do not have specific right and how its a problem for group human rights. Third reason is who exercise group rights. If a group is large,
Locke wants to justify that individuals can obtain property rights moveable and non-moveable things. Locke stated that the law of nature regulates behavior, which means you can’t harm another in life, liberty, and property. Natural rights in Locke’s view are unbreakable because they have been given by God. This give a way to figure out what our rights and duties are.
When looking at property distribution it is easy to come to the conclusion that Robert Nozick’s libertarian account of property rights is the most reasonable theory. Nozick’s view is one that can be easily defended and there are plenty of examples to support the claims he makes. By utilizing Nozick’s theory, property distribution can be understood and improved on a grand scale. Before I am able to support these claims, it is important for the reader to truly understand key aspects of his theory. After describing the most important parts of his theory I will offer examples and reasons that offer support to his theory. There are also certain counterarguments against his views that I will address later in this paper to show these counterarguments
On the contrary, in Bruton court’s understanding of “exclusive possession” was a relative concept. Exclusive possession granted to Mr. Bruton was found based on the fact that he was not required to “share possession with the trust, the Council or anyone else”[13] and “the trust did not retain such control”[14]. Whether the grantor possesses title or not was held to be irrelevant. Nevertheless, since LQHT in fact could not exclude the true owner (i.e. the Council) from taking possession, the exclusive possession enjoyed by the “tenant” would be “only as against the grantor and not the rest of the world”[15] and practically dependent on the contractual relationship. This has received support from later cases applying Bruton. In Islington LBC v Green[16]with similar facts to Bruton, the tenant raised an argument that the
The purpose of the paper research is to identify the world of property law that remains confusing to quite a number of people regarding personal and real property. Due to this confusion, a number of disputes arise when parties fail to reach an agreement especially when the seller includes the item in question as part of the sale of the realty and the buyer has a different view. This research will identify five examples of fixtures and real property in my house that will be enlightening especially pertaining the two gray areas. The research will also look at the determination made by commercial law pertaining to the evaluation of real property and fixtures and the exceptions when applying such tests. In the research, it will highlight the question of figuring out what fixtures are and the significant importance or raise this question with regards to the increase in the number of disputes associated with property law in case the value of the personal property exceeds the real property value. Finally, the research will identify different scenarios that may give rise to disputes regarding personal property and fixtures and how these fixtures are identified using different tests conducted by the property law courts in order to come to a consensus.
In life there is always some type of give and take amongst others. Some exchange may be beneficial and some can be regretful. This is all the same with negotiation, either is to negotiate a divorces decree, price of a new home, or a NFL or NBA contract deal. The world today is full of negotiating situation in and can be executed at any given time. There two common characteristic of a negotiation or bargaining situation. Negotiating parties have separate but conflicting interest.
The United States of America was built on the ideals set forth by our founding fathers in the Constitution of the United States of America. Such ideals are held to the highest standards in our community to this day; like our right to the freedom of speech, our right to bear arms, and the right to own property. Each of these rights are firmly stated in the Constitution, along with many other rights that citizens of the Untied States have. The ideals of our founding fathers were so profound that many other nations modeled their democracy after the Constitution put forth by the Americans. It is basic human rights that people should have the freedom of speech, religion, and press and the right to own property. And we