Contemporary Hand Papermaking in North America and Europe

He said that the method wasn't useful for printing just a few sheets of text, but for a hundreds of sheets the method was fast and economical” (Wu7). I believe this is very interesting because it gives you an insight on where printers originate from and how simple they

Woodblock printing was invented around the year 220CE in China. Inventors decided carving out from wood and using them as stamps was much more efficient than writing. In the 5th century CE, Arab Muslims were also printing texts, mainly passages from the Qur'an which is the Muslim version of a bible. The Arab Muslims had already embraced the Chines craft of paper making, the Muslims had also developed the craft and adopted it widely in the Middle East. The Arab Muslims continued this method for about 500 years. Whether or not the Arab Muslims may have influenced the eventual adoption of printing in Europe is still debated about to this day. The possibility of

The printing press was an interesting and world changing machine that was used for the mass production of written works for distribution. Such a revolutionary process actually worked through an easy process that included only a few steps. First, every letter had to have been carved into a steel object known as a punch. These punches were eventually hammered into a piece of copper otherwise known as a blank. The blank was used as a mold for a mixture of molten alloys created by Gutenberg who was once a stonecutter and a goldsmith; the mixture consisted of lead, antimony and bismuth. This mixture of metals created an alloy that was easily cooled and handled, but strong enough not to wear down over repeated use. In their creation, the base sizes for the letters had to be determined and marked out ahead of time. Wider letters had wider basis, such as the difference between a capital z and a lower case l. The blocks

Behlke, M., & Lestock, J. J. (2017, July 31). McConnell on Health Care: “It’s Time to Move On”. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/ncsl-in-dc/publications-and-resources/capitol-to-capitol-july-31-2017.aspx#McConnell%20on%20Health%20Care

Leslie Slater is a handwriting enthuses who believes that the future of technology is crippling our art of writing and her strong evidence suggest that she might be on to something. The tone in opinion piece is pure and evidential, Leslie mention a substantial amount of studies and she really worry about good old fashion ink writing.

Everyone has different ways of interpreting what their writing and artistic process is. Both of these processes are similar in many ways, but also different depending on what kind of artist or writer you are. For this paper, I interviewed several different people, some who are great artists, some who are great writers and some that do not like either. I also examined both of my processes comparing how they are similar and different. There were a couple questions I asked myself and each person I interviewed so it would be easier to compare each of their processes. The four main questions were asking if they liked having food or coffee during this process, if the processes were similar or different, and to define the two processes according to their own definition.

The earliest printing in China was the block printing method in the first Century B.C., where the individual sheets of paper were pressed against wooden blocks that had text and illustrations carved into them. This process could print hundreds and even thousands of copies, this technology played a significant role in promoting the spread of culture. A block carver named Bi Sheng made movable types with clay during the period from1004 to 1048. This method each type was carved with one character and the types could be set independently according to contents of different articles. After printing, the movable types could be reused and this improved technology is called movable-type printing. (LAN, 2008)

Shrinky Dinks entered the toy and craft scene in 1973. Inside the boxes were sheets of plastic—they came with either outlined drawings that you could color in yourself, or blank pages, upon which practically any tracing, drawing or rubber stamp picture could be imposed. After the artwork was colored in, you cut them out, laid them out on a cookie sheet (or looked over mom’s shoulder as she did), and then slid them into an oven or toaster oven for a few minutes. The plastic sheets shrunk to nearly a third of their original size, and became many times thicker. When you plucked the cut-outs from the oven, they had become hardened little masterpieces—their colors were brighter and more intense, and get this, if you accidentally colored outside of the lines when your creation was in its plastic sheet stage, your mistakes were miraculously baked away!

This paper has to be managed in a room with specific instruction because the writing could fade away and the humidity and light have to be in a certain way. The papyrus comes from a plant that is like a reed that can grow up to fifteen feet in the Nile Delta. The plant is then sliced into strips which are soaked and pressed together to from sheets. After that they would be dried and rubbed with a smooth stone. This was being used across the Mediterranean and it gave most Europeans languages on the paper, but not a lot people had this because it was

The scribes used a kind of paper called papyrus, which was made from reeds otherwise known as the papyrus plant.

Xu Bing’s is a Chinese artist who studied printmaking at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing. His style of art is defined as social realist which was greatly influenced by his time at a re-education camp during the Cultural Revolution in the late 1960’s and 70’s. he favored the popular phrase in that time “ Use your pen as a weapon and shoot down reactionary gangs”. Bing’s father was a historian and his mother was an administrator in the library of science. A Book from the Sky is a four volume printed bound book a total of 604 pages invented 4,000 characters and hand-carved them into wood blocks with walnut wooden cases written in 1988-1991.It is classified as sculpture. It is filled with false Chinese characters, invented by Xu Bing then he cut out pear wood to create the movable type printing technique invented by the Chinese in the 11th century. He uses a traditional Chinese typesetting, and binding stringing. ”Each sheet is folded to make two pages; there are nine columns per page and up to seventeen characters per column. Each double-page sheet is folded along the center line of the print rack and stitch bound. Six-hole stitching , a blank paper lining folded into each –double page covered corner, and blue-dyed volume covers all derived from traditional Chinese book of binding of the highest quality.

Before the invention of printing press, books were copied by hand. The invention made a revolution of printing technology which benefits writers, printers, etc.

Many authors were travel around, bringing with them copies of their books, which they sold for a very small profit ("Chapbooks", 2017). Chapbooks were a very affordable means for children or adults to read books during the 17th to 19th century. These chapbooks covered many genres such as crime, mystery, politics, or even fairy tales (Richardson, 2017). Chap books can range from a small number of pages such as two, all the way up to forty pages. They are produced by hand printing on a single side or sometimes both, then repeatedly folded in half until coming to a correct size. The edges of the paper were then cut to form pages, and the seam in the middle was hand sewn. Nevertheless, when the industrial revolution happened during the 19th century, steam printing led to an easier means of producing higher quality books and at a quicker rate, which attributed the downfall of the cheaper chapbooks. Although not many survived since they were such a poor quality, chapbooks were incredibly important during their reign. They allowed an easy means for poor or middle class children, as well as adults, to read books of many genres at a low-cost price. Therefore, this meant more people were exposed to literature that had previously been harder to obtain in such large quantities. Overall, reading became a popular thing to do for children or adults which in turn would’ve

It took exactly 93 days to tire of my new apartment’s stark white bedroom walls. Nice opening. I knew painting a solid color wouldn’t be exciting enough, yet I lacked the talent to paint beyond that. I came across a magazine article with a how to on paper mache. This is one of about three acceptable spellings for “paper mache.” It’s important to select one of the acceptable variations and use it consistently throughout the essay. [My imagination light bulb went from a dull 10 watts to a bright 150 watts.] Nice writing. The steps to how I paper mache designed my bedroom are simple and fun to do but I did have to take an entire day to complete it.

Relief printing is a branch of printmaking in which a blocks surface is cut away and ink is applied, the print is then created when the surface of the block is transferred onto paper with applied pressure creating the relief print. Processes in the relief branch include woodcut, linocut and wood engraving. Woodcut printing involves cutting into an inch thick piece of (preferably seasoned soft) wood. The artist’s design is drawn onto the wood and cut away at with a penknife or various sized chisels in earlier time only a professional woodcutter would be able to cut the block. The block is then inked with a dabber and printed with a press, it can however be hand printed. Wood block printing was invented in China around the ninth century and