CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
Objective 1.1
Define psychology.
Key Terms
Psychology- scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Exercises
1. Put a check mark by each statement that is true regarding psychology.
_√____ Psychologists study human behavior.
_√____ Psychologists study animal behavior.
_ √___ Psychologists study emotions and mental processes.
_____ Psychology and "common sense" lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes.
_____ Psychology is not a science.
Objective 1.2
Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology.
Key Terms
scientific method
Exercises
1. What is the main purpose of the scientific method?
2. The steps of the scientific method are (1)
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2. Each bag of M&Ms has candies of several colors. Thus, the three red M&Ms that Barry took out of his bag (are/are not) a representative sample.
3. Why are researchers concerned about the representativeness of the samples in their studies?
a. They don't want to offend anyone.
b. They hope to generalize the findings of their studies to populations of interest.
c. Representative samples are usually large enough to ensure statistical significance.
d. Scientific journals will not publish a study unless the sample is representative.
Objective 1.6
Describe the experimental method, state its advantages and disadvantages, and distinguish between independent and dependent variables.
Key Terms
experimental method causal hypothesis independent variable dependent variable experimental group control group random assignment
Exercises
1. What is the primary advantage of the experimental method?
2. Read the scenario and answer the questions that follow it.
In a laboratory study of sleep deprivation, researchers employed a variety of techniques to keep volunteers awake for variable amounts of time. One group of participants was kept awake for 24 hours, and the other was kept awake for 48 hours. During periods of forced wakefulness, participants were required to engage verbal learning tasks such as memorizing the definitions of obscure English words. At the conclusion of the period of forced wakefulness, participants were allowed to sleep for as
The Company President Gregory S Forest has directed me to conduct a field investigation at the Roanoke Branch. We have reasons to believe that employee morales and productivity are declining daily. I have also heard that there are other problems going on as well. I will be coming May 24, 2012 to have the group meeting and interview employees as a group to further investigate the problems within the company.
As well as to understand how this experiment can be translated and applied to other aspects in
2. Each bag of M&Ms has candies of several colors. Thus, the three red M&Ms that Barry took out of his bag (are/are not) a representative sample.
After completing the seven habits profile, my lowest categories were emotional bank account, life balance, be proactive, begin with the end in mind, put first things first, seek first to understand, and sharpen the saw.
Christine Brooks, the regional claims manager for the national insurance company for Westchester zone (Rosenberg, 2003). Christine was in charge of implementing this major zone reorganization in which four offices under her responsibility would be consolidated to one location by the end of the year. This reorganization was due to deregulation and continuous economic weakness, company had decided to the cost-cutting moves for some regional areas and one of which included the Westchester zone reorganization. There were many factors which were associated with the case of national insurance company as financial gain, cost-cutting budgets, and down-sizing (Banerjee, 2002).
1.1. When assessing development some factors need to be taken into account one of these is confidentiality, this means that you will need permission from a child’s parents/carers before doing observations, also when information is wrote down about a child is important that it is kept in a safe place were only the relevant people can access it. Also making sure that information about a child is only shared with parents/carers or colleagues and professionals that have the right to know. Another factor to take into account is a child’s wishes and feelings, this means to take into account the child’s wishes when doing an observation or assessment. The child may not want to be assessed at
To answer each question, darken the circle corresponding to your answer using a pencil. If you decide to change your answer, please erase your original answer completely and darken your new answer.
Thesis: Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems, make you forget information, and have a negative impact on the outlook of life.
In this task I am going to look at how The business are impacted by European and international factors, I will also look at what impact these factors cause The business
There are a few factors that are essential for life such as breathing or eating, but one of the most essential factor is sleep. Even though the amount of sleep people need differs from one individual to another, the fact is that eventually everyone needs to sleep. People know the importance of sleep, but due to the increased workload and the pressure of society people are getting less sleep. As a result, there has been an increase interest on the effects lack of sleep has on the mind especially the memory of a person. Many questions arose about the relationship between sleep and memory due to the fact most high school and college students have become sleep deprived. For example, does more sleep mean higher grades?
( A short summary of the experimental investigation and its conclusions. It includes a statement of the aim, short description of the method, main results and a conclusion and implications or recommendations.)
The amount of sleep was self-reported by participants using a sleep diary. In the sleep diary participants would note the time they got into bed, how long it took them to fall asleep, the number and duration of awakenings during the night, what time they awoke, and what time they got out of bed. Misinformation or false memory was evaluated in a few different phases. In the first phase the participants took part in a
Sleep is essential for optimal human function. In fact, a lack of sleep can actually affect important cognitive functions, like memory. A 2007 study added to the already substantial evidence that even acute total sleep deprivation impairs attentiveness, working memory, and reaction time in various tasks (Alhola, Polo-Kantola). One such way to further this investigation of the effects of sleep deprivation on memory is through the Memory Interference Test, or MIT. MIT is a program designed by Gaston Pfluegl, Ph.D., and Enrique Lopez, Psy. D., at UCLA to test the memory of students. Along with a memory test, the MIT also anonymously collected the physical states, mental states, and demographics of each student test subject, providing a substantial database through which students can test hypotheses, such as the connection between sleep deprivation and memory. Since the MIT requires short-term memory recall, the hours of sleep a student had before taking the test could have a noticeable effect on his or her performance. An unprecedented study this year found that sleep deprivation may actually even induce false memories, which would certainly impact a student taking the MIT because the test requires the subject to recognize images that have been previously presented to them (Frenda, et al). The hypothesis is that students who slept 8 hours before the test will perform better on the MIT than students who only slept 4 hours. The null hypothesis is that students who had adequate
In order to be considered a science, Psychology must consequently adhere to using a scientific method. If this were, as usual,
Consumer departmentalization is based on division by customers served. A common example is an organization that has one department to handle retail customers and one department to handle wholesale or industrial customers.